( R e a f f i r m e d 2009 ) IS : 4312 - 1967 Indian Standard CODE OF SAFETY FOR LEAD AND ITS COMPOUNDS ( First Reprint JULY 1982 ) UPC 661.85:614.8 © Copyright 1967 INDIAN MANAK STANDARDS 9 BAHADUR INSTITUTION SHAH ZAFAR MARG BHWAN, NEW DELHI 110002 December 1967 AMENDMENT NO. 1 DECEMBER 2006 TO IS 4312 : 1967 CODE OF SAFETY FOR LEAD AND ITS COMPOUNDS (Page 4, clause 3.1, first sentence) -- Substitute the following for the existing: 'The maximum recommended allowable concentration of lead and its compounds is 0.05 mg/m3 of air.' (Page 4, clause 4.1.3) -- Insert the following new clause after 4.1.3: '4.1.4 Confirmed animal carcinogen with unknown relevance to human.' (Page 5, clause 5.2) -- Insert the following new clause after 5.2: '5.3 Incompatibles -- Lead reacts vigorously with strong oxidizers, such as hydrogen peroxide and chlorine trifluoride, and active metals, such as sodium and potassium. Powdered lead metal in contact with disodium acetylide, chlorine trifluoride, sodium carbide or fused ammonium nitrate poses a risk of explosion. Solutions of sodium azide in contact with lead metal can form lead azide, which is a detonating compound. A lead-zirconium alloy (10-70 percent Zr) will ignite when struck with a hammer.' [Page 5, clause 7.2.1(a)] -- Substitute the following for the existing: 'a) In addition to the pre-placement medical examination, annual regular medical examination should be carried out.' ( CHD 8 ) Reprography Unit, BIS, New Delhi, India IS : 4312 - 1967 CODE OF SAFTY FOR LEAD AND ITS COMPOUNDS Chemical Hazards Sectional Committee, CDC 18 Chairman S H R I N. S. M A N K I K E R Indian Standard Representing Directorate General of Factory Advice, Service & Labour Institutes, Bombay Hindustan Organic Chemicals Ltd, Bombay Directorate General of Health Services, New Delhi Central Public Health Engineering Research Institute ( C S I R ) , Nagpur Railway Board ( Ministry of Railways) Members S H R I J. D. S H R I S. K. BORKAR S H R I J. M. D A V E DEPUTY ( GENERAL ) ADHIA S H R I S. M . M A C H I R A J U ( Alternate ) SHRI P. S. RAMACHANDRAN ( Alternate ) DIRECTOR, TRAFFIC S H R I J. M. G U H A DR JAGDISH SHANKAR Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Bombay SHRI JOGINDER SINGH Directorate General of Technical Development, New Delhi S H R I S. N. LAHIRI Department of Explosives ( Ministry of Works and Housing ) S H R I C C. M A N I A R DR V. C. M A N K O D I S H R I S. C. R O Y ( Alternate ) DR G. JAYARAMA R A O ( Alternate ) Ministry of Petroleum and Chemicals DR B. N. CHAKRAVARTY ( Alternate ) S H R I M . N . K H A N N A ( Alternate ) Indian Chemical Manufacturers' Bombay Hindustan Steel Limited, Ranchi Ministry of Defence ( D G I ) Association, DR C. N. K. M U R T H Y S H R I R . S. A G A R W A L ( Alternate ) S H R I NARENDRA SINGH Ministry of Defence ( R & D ) REPRESENTATIVE S H R I M. VENUGOPAL DR S A P G O P A L , Director ( C h e m ) DR K. J. BALAKRISHNA ( Alternate ) Indian Institute of Petroleum ( CSIR ), Dehra Dun T h e Western India Match Company Ltd, Bombay Director General, ISI ( Ex-officio Member ) Secretary DR A. K. BHATTACHARYA Deputy Director ( Chem ), ISI ( Continued on page 2 ) MANAK INDIAN BHAVAN, STANDARDS 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR N E W D E L H I 110002 INSTITUTION MARG IS : 4312 - 1967 ( Continued from page 1 ) Industrial Chemical Hazards Subcommittee, CDC 1 8 : 4 Convener S H R I S. R. BHISE Representing Directorate General of Factory Advice Service & Labour Institutes, Bombay Hindustan Organic Chemicals Ltd, Bombay Central Public Health Engineering Research Institute ( C S I R ) , Nagpur Railway Board ( Ministry of Railways ) Members S H R I J. D. ADHLA S H R I J. M. D A V E ( GENERAL ) S H R I S. M . M A C H I R A J U ( Alternate ) D E P U T Y DIRECTOR, TRAFFIC DR R. M. DESAI S H R I O. P. G U P T A S H R I S. JAGANNATHAN SHRI S H R I S. C. D A S G U P T A (Alternate) K. V. VIJAYARAGHAVAN Indian Chemical Manufacturers Association, Bombay Directorate General of Ordnance Factories, Calcutta ESSO Standard Eastern Inc, Bombay SHRI ( Alternate ) JOGINDER SINGH S H R I G. A. KULKARNI S H R I S. N. LAHIRI SHRI S. C. R O Y ( Alternate ) DR U. C. PATEL S H R I K. C. RAGHAVAN Directorate General of Technical Development, New Delhi Amar Dye Chem Ltd, Bombay Department of Explosives ( Ministry of Works and Housing ) Union Carbide India Ltd, Calcutta D. Waldie & Company Ltd, Calcutta T h e D.C.M. Chemical Works, New Delhi DR R. C H A T T E R J E E ( Alternate ) SHRI M. L. SETH SHRI L. R . GAUTAM ( Alternate ) Panel for Drafting Safety Codes for Hazardous Chemicals, CDC 1 8 : 4 : 1 Convener S H R I M. L. S E T H Members Shri M. L. Seth ) S H R I S. K. BARAT DR B. N. CHAKRAVARTY DR K. VISWANATHAN NAYAR SHRI L. R. GAUTAM ( Alternate to T h e D.C.M. Chemical Works, New Delhi Fertilizer Corporation of India Ltd, Sindri Hindustan Steel Ltd, Ranchi Fertilizers and Chemicals Travancore Ltd, Udyogmandal, Kerala 2 IS : 4312 - 1967 Indian Standard CODE OF SAFETY FOR LEAD AND ITS COMPOUNDS 0. FOREWORD 0.1 This Indian Standard was adopted by the Indian Standards Institution on 14 J u n e 1967, after the draft finalized by the Chemical Hazards Sectional Committee had been approved by the Chemical Division Council. 0.2 T h e soluble salts of lead are highly poisonous. Lead poisoning is caused when a person is exposed to dust of lead metal or its compounds or fumes of hot metal. It is a cumulative poison. Absorption of lead takes place through the skin, lungs or the gastro-intesrinal tract. 0.2.1 A knowledge of actions and effects of dangerous materials on biological systems is always desirable in order to properly utilise any existing code of safety or to add further refinements to it. This code of safety recommends practices to be followed to ensure safety of the personnel engaged in lead based industries. 0.3 This standard is one of a series of Indian Standard codes of safety for hazardous chemicals. Other standards are: IS : 4262-1967 Code of safety for sulphuric acid IS : 4263-1967 Code of safety for chlorine IS : 4264-1967 Code of safety for caustic soda 1. SCOPE 1.1 This standard prescribes a code of safety for lead and its compounds. It recommends practices to be followed to ensure safety of personnel in any area of a factory where metallic lead, lead alloys or lead compounds ( exeluding organic compounds of load ) are produced, handled or used. 2. TERMINOLOGY 2.1 For the purpose of this code, the definitions of the terms given in IS : 4155-1966* and IS : 4167-1966 shall apply. *Glossary of terms relating to chemical and radiation hazards and hazardous chemicals. Glossary of terms relating to air pollution. 3 IS : 4312 - 1967 3. T H R E S H O L D LIMIT VALUE ( T L V ) 3.1 T h e maximum recommended allowable concentration of lead and most of its inorganic and organic compounds is two milligrams of lead per 10 cubic metres of air. For lead arsenate the corresponding figure is 0.15 milligram of lead per cubic metre of air. 4. H A Z A R D S ASSOCIATED WITH LEAD A N D ITS C O M P O U N D S 4.1 Health H a z a r d s 4.1.1 When taken for a considerable length of time in small doses, especially in the case of oxides and carbonates, chronic lead poisoning is observed. Lead poisoning is cumulative, only a fraction of the dose ingested is excreted and the remainder is stored in the tissues, mainly in the bones, until finally the amount retained in the body produces toxic symptoms. 4.1.2 Chronic lead poisoning causes pain in the abdomen, constipation, loss of appetite, thirst, and general emaciation followed by nervous prostration known as lead-palsy and epileptic fits followed by total paralysis. Sometimes a blue line may be observed in the gum margins; by itself this is indicative of lead exposure and not of lead poisoning. 4.1.3 A usual finding in all cases of lead poisoning is anaemia. Some of the red cells show an alteration in appearance, known as basephilia. In the more severe and more chronic types of exposure, the clinical findings may be principally those of a severe peripheral neuritis with wrist drop, due to weakness of the extensor muscles of the wrists. In right handed persons the right wrist may be more severely affected than the left and vice versa. Following excessive absorption, the central nervous system may be affected, with convulsions, loss of consciousness and other symptoms indicating an encephalopathy. A long term result of an intoxication m a y damage t h e blood vessels, particularly those of t h e kidneys with kidney disease a consequence. 5. STORAGE 5.1 Storage for D r e s s -- A suitable container with tightly fitting cover shall be provided and used for dross as it is removed from every melting pot. Such containers shall be kept covered while in the work-room near the machine except when the dross is being deposited therein. Where possible, refuse should be re-used or sold, but refuse which cannot be dealt with by these methods should be destroyed by fire and the burning of materials should be placed under the control of one person who should be made responsible for the use of correct method of disposal. 4 IS : 4312 - 1967 5.2 Storage of P r o c e s s Materials -- Arrangements should be made for the temporary storage of materials required in the process, and also for the stacking of finished products. White lines or other lines of demarcation should be drawn to indicate the areas for the material to be stacked. Sufficient space should be left between the bags or containers to allow free passage of men and transport. 6. PACKING A N D LABELLING 6.1 Packing -- Lead scrap, dross and lead compounds should be packed in polyethylene lined hessian bags or steel drums. The type of packing should depend on the nature of individual material and should meet the requirements of customer. 6.2 Labelling -- No special type of labels is required for containers of lead and its compounds but all the containers should be suitably and meaningfully labelled. 7. PREVENTIVE MEASURES 7.1 The following general principles shall be observed for the protection of the body against the effects of inhaling toxic materials: a) No person shall be exposed to an atmosphere that is or may be injurious to health. b) Where possible, (i) hazards should be prevented by the correct design of buildings, plant equipment, and by correct working methods and conditions; and (ii) hazards which cannot be prevented should be controlled at or near the source. 7.2 Employment and Personnel 7.2.1 Medical Examination a) All new entrants should undergo a preplacement medical examination and all employees should be regularly examined. b) T h e examination should include urine and blood analysis to determine the degree of absorption. c) Those workers having symptoms like anaemia, nervous or kidney disorders, etc, should be given change of occupation. 7.2.2 Certificate of Fitness -- A person medically examined as in 7.2.1 (a) and found fit for employment should be granted a certificate of fitness by a certifying surgeon and it should be recorded in the prescribed health register and this record should be maintained by the manager or any authorised person. 5 IS : 4312 - 1967 7.3 Exhaust Draught -- Where during processes, dust or fumes from lead and lead compounds are given off and employees are likely to be exposed to the dust and fumes, effective measures, including, where practicable, provision of efficient exhaust draught to reduce the concentration to below the recommended threshold limit value given in 3.1, should be taken. 7.4 Protective Outfit -- Suitable protective clothing in a clean condition should be provided by the employer and worn by the persons employed. Respiratory protective devices should also be provided to the workers who are liable to be exposed to air-borne dust or fumes. 7.5 Food, D r i n k s , etc, in W o r k - R o o m s -- No food, drink, PAN, SUPARI, or tobacco should be brought into or consumed by any person in any work-room and no person should be allowed to stay in any such room during intervals for meals or rest. 7.6 Cleanliness of W o r k - R o o m s , T o o l s , etc -- The rooms in which the persons are employed, and all tools and apparatus used by them, should be kept in a clean condition. The following precautions should also be taken: a) Certain processes, where high concentration of lead dust and fumes are likely to be given off, should be effectively separated from the rest of the operations; b) Floors of such rooms in which lead processes are carried out should be of impervious material. They should be cleaned daily after being washed and maintained in good condition; c) Scrap material should be removed as often as is necessary; and d) Work benches, machines and tools should be kept clean. 7.7 Personal Hygiene 7.7.1 Cloak Room -- A suitable cloak room should be provided for clothing put off during working hours, with adequate arrangements for drying the clothing, if wet. Workers should change clothing before work starts and they should change to street clothing after bath at the end of day's work. 7.7.1.1 A place, or places shall be provided, separate from the meal room for the storage of overalls or working suits. The latter should be cleaned at frequent intervals and immediately, if contamination is established. 7.7.1.2 These accommodations should be kept clean. with sufficient number of towels, soaps or other suitable cleaning agents and nail brushes should be provided. For washing either (i) a trough, with a smooth impervious surface fitted with a waste pipe without plug, allowing at least 60 cm for every person at any one time, having constant supply of 6 7.7.2 Lavatory Washing and Bathing Accommodations -- A covered lavatory IS : 4312 - 1967 clean water from taps or jets above the trough or (ii) at least one wash-basin for every person employed at any one time fitted with a waste pipe and plug and having a constant supply of clean water, should be provided. 7.7.3 Care of Hands -- Where contamination of the hands by poisonous substances is possible, particular attention should be given to the finger nails which should be kept clean and short. 7.7.4 Care of Mouth -- Mouth should be cleaned regularly and particularly at the end of shifts or before taking meals. Arrangements should also be made for the workers to be examined for signs of decay of teeth, if any, at regular intervals. 7.7.5 Care of Hair -- Hair should be kept reasonably short and should be covered where persons are employed on processes where dusts or other poisonous fumes are involved. 7 INDIAN STANDARDS ON Chemical and Allied Hazards IS: 1260-1963 1446-1959 1913-1961 2551-1963 2553-1964 2925-1964 4155-1966 4167-1966 4262-1967 4263-1967 4264-1967 4312-1967 Code of symbols for labelling of dangerous goods Classification of dangerous goods .. . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Rs 2.00 5.00 2.50 1.00 2.50 4.50 7.00 5.50 3.50 6.00 3.50 2.50 Electric light fittings, general a n d safety requirements for .. . ... Danger notice plates . .. . Safety glass ( revised ) Industrial safety helmets .. . .. . .. . .. . ... ... Glossary of terms relating to chemical and radiation hazards and .. . .. . ... ... hazardous chemicals .. . ... ... Glossary of terms relating to air-pollution Code of safety for sulphuric acid Code of safety for chlorine Code of safety for caustic soda .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Code of safely for lead and its compounds INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM OF UNITS ( SI UNITS ) Base Units QUANITY UNIT SYMBOL Length Mass Time Electric current Thermodynamic temperature Luminous intensity A m o u n t of substance Supplementary Units QUANTITY metre kilogram second ampere kelvin candela mole UNIT radian steradian UNIT m kg A K cd mol s SYMBOL Plane angle Solid angle Derived Units QUANTITY rad sr SYMBOL DEFINITION Force Energy Power Flux Flux density Frequency Electric c o n d u a n c e Electromotiv orce resure ess newton joule watt weber tesla hertz siemens volt pascal N J W Wb T Hz S V Pa 1 N = 1 1 J = 1 1 W = 1 1 Wb = 1 1 T = 1 1 Hz = 1 1 S = 1 1 V = 1 1 Pa = 1 kg m/s 2 N.m J/s V/s Wb/m2 c/s (s - 1 ) A/V W/A N/m 2 INDIAN S T A N D A R D S INSTITUTION Manak B h a v a n , 9 B a h a d u r S h a h Zafar Marg, NEW DELHI 110002 T e l e p h o n e s : 26 60 21, 27 01 31 Telegrams : Manaksanstha Regional Offices : Telephone W e s t e r n : Novelty C h a m b e r s , G r a n t Road Eastern : 5 Chowringhee A p p r o a c h S o u t h e r n : C.I.T. C a m p u s Northern : B69 , P h a s e VII Branch Offices : ' P u s h p a k ' , N u r m o h a m e d Shaikh Marg, K h a n p u r 'F' Block, Unity B l d g , N a r a s i m h a r a j a S q u a r e G a n g o t r i Complex, B h a d b h a d a Road, T.T. N a g a r 22E K a l p a n a A r e a 5-8-56C L. N. G u p t a Marg R 14 Y u d h i s t e r M a r g , C S c h e m e 117/413 B S a r v o d a y a N a g a r Patliputra Industrial E s t a t e Hantex Bldg (2nd Floor), Rly Station Road BOMBAY 400007 C A L C U T T A 700072 MADRAS 600113 S.A.S. NAGAR (MOHALI) 180051 89 21 41 8 65 28 50 90 24 42 78 26 A H M A D A B A D 380001 2 03 91 22 48 05 B A N G A L O R E 560002 6 27 16 B H O P A L 462003 B H U B A N E S H W A R 751014 5 36 27 H Y D E R A B A D 500001 22 10 85 J A I P U R 302005 6 98 32 KANPUR 208005 4 72 92 6 28 08 P A T N A 800013 TRIVANDRUM 695001 32 27 Printed at Simco Printing Press, Delhi, India